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Jeremiah, Chapter 31
THEME: The "I Will" chapter
Chapters 30 through 33 establish a very bright and encouraging prophecy. Up to this time Jeremiah's emphasis has been on judgment, but his message now is in sharp contrast to that. These chapters were written at the darkest moment in the history of Judah and bring needed light to what has been darkness.
Nebuchadnezzar's army is outside the wall of Jerusalem, ready to destroy the city and burn the Temple. The promises of the false prophets have been proven false. Seven years earlier Hananiah had said that Babylon would be broken within two years . . . but Nebuchadnezzar is not broken; he is very much alive and active.
Jeremiah's message is a message of encouragement. In chapter 30 he spoke of the Day of the LORD opening with the Great Tribulation period. In Jer.30:7, he called it the time of Jacob's trouble. But out beyond the Great Tribulation, Jeremiah speaks of the restoration of the land and the return of the people to it.
J. Vernon McGee calls Chapter 31 the 'I will' Chapter," because "I will" occurs fifteen times, and the One who says it is none other than God. I find I will eighteen time in Chapter 31. When God says "I will" eighteen times, He means to do what He states!
There are some who say that God has cast off Israel as a nation forever, and that all of the blessings, all of the covenants and all of the Promises that God made to this nation are now fulfilled in the church. I cannot go along with that! God has NOT forsaken Israel, and He never will. He is NOT now pouring out all of the blessings that He had promised through His covenant upon the church. Now this teaching creates all kinds of problems as far as your views of end times; final events of history, or the ultimate destiny of humanity, because it places the church in the Great Tribulation.
https://www.lastdaysprophecy.org/L_D_1.pre-trib_rapture_church_replaces_israel.html
In Jeremiah Chapter 30, we saw where God speaks of the nation Israel going to be in the Great Tribulation and experiencing that time of Jacob’s trouble. But it my view and strong conviction that the church will NOT be in the Great Tribulation, because the Great Tribulation is the time of God’s wrath being poured out upon the world, and the LORD said that the TRUE church has NOT been appointed unto wrath.
Rev. 3:10 Because thou hast kept the word of my patience, I also will keep thee from the hour of temptation, which shall come upon all the world, to try them that dwell upon the earth. (KJV)
1 Thes. 1:10 And to wait for his Son from heaven, whom he raised from the dead, even Jesus, which delivered us from the wrath to come. (KJV)
John 5:24 Verily, verily, I say unto you, He that heareth my word, and believeth on him that sent me, hath everlasting life, and shall not come into condemnation; but is passed from death unto life.(KJV)
https://www.godcannotlie.org/true_children_of_god.htm
Chapter 31 continues with the good, hopeful words that were in Chapter 30, to encourage the captives, assuring them that God would in the right time, restore them to their own land, and make them a great and happy nation again. He would also send the Messiah, in whose Kingdom many of the Promises would be fulfilled. (1). They shall be restored to peace and honor, and joy and great plenty (vs. 1-14). (2). Their sorrow for the loss of their children would be ended (vs. 15-17). (3). They would repent of their sins, and God will graciously accept them (vs. 18-20). (4). They shall be multiplied and increased, both their children and their cattle, and not be cut off and diminished as they had been (vs. 21-30). (5). God will renew His Covenant with them, and enrich it with spiritual blessings (vs.31-34). (6). These blessings shall be secured to the spiritual seed of Israel for ever (vs. 35-37). (7). To show His deep sincerity, the city of Jerusalem shall be rebuilt (vs. 38-40). These exceptionally great and precious Promises from the LORD, were firm foundations of hope and fountains of joy to the poor captives; and we also can apply them to ourselves, when we mix faith with them.
They Shall Be Restored to Peace and Honor,
And Joy and Great Plenty (Jer. 31:1-14)
Jer 31:1 At the same time, saith the LORD, will I be the God of all the families of Israel, and they shall be my people. (KJV)
At the same time, saith the LORD . . . linked with the latter days (Jer.30:24). In this Chapter, prophecies of the restoration of the nation are continued. This is speaking of all the 12 tribes of Israel, but I believe that Israel here includes all the believers in Christ.
Gal. 3:26-29 For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Jesus. 27 For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ. 28 There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither bond nor free, there is neither male nor female: for ye are all one in Christ Jesus. 29 And if ye be Christ's, then are ye Abraham's seed, and heirs according to the promise. (KJV)
*****This prophecy has not yet been fulfilled; that time has not come. The present return of Israel to the land cannot be interpreted as being the fulfillment of this prophecy . . . because they have not returned to God. I am told there is real persecution of Christians in that land today. They talk about religious freedom, but it does not really exist. The people have returned to the land, but they have not returned to the LORD. This statement should be understood in terms of Israel's being brought back into a covenant relationship with God after the period of estrangement.
Jer. 31:2 Thus saith the LORD, The people which were left of the sword found grace in the wilderness; even Israel, when I went to cause him to rest. (KJV)
Thus saith the LORD, The people which were left of the sword found grace in the wilderness . . . a reference to Israel's experience in the wilderness of Sinai . . . when through God's grace they escaped death in Egypt and thirst in the desert, and were brought into a covenant relationship with God. Babylon is likened to the wilderness (Jer.50:12); Babylon is called a desert (Isa. 40:3). Grace means divine favor, as He had shown Israel after the golden calf incident where this same word occurs (Ex.33:12-17).
Even Israel, when I went to cause him to rest . . . Israel sought rest from its traveling. God's plan was to bring them to the land of promise where they would find that rest, but the unbelief of the Exodus generation prevented them from entering that rest (Ex.33:14; Deu.3:20; Jos.21:44; Ps.95:11; Heb.4:3-10). The survivors of Babylon would be able to enter divine rest by returning to the land of Israel.
*****God confirmed the above-mentioned Promises, and His people’s hope and faith in them, by reminding them of what He had done in the past for them; even though God did, in the journey which the Israelites had from Egypt to Canaan, cut off many of them by the sword for their iniquities. Some by the Amalekites (Ex.17:8), and some by the swords of their brethren for the idolatry they committed with the golden calf (Ex.32:28). Yet those that survived that and other judgments found favor in God’s eyes while they were going to Canaan, the land of rest. God matched His future prophecies and gracious purposes with His past gracious blessings.
This is probably speaking of the 10 tribes of Israel as well as the two tribes of Judah. We Christians are in our own wilderness, headed for our own Promised Land, Heaven (1 Pet. 1:3-5). God's grace is sufficient to see us through (2 Cor.12:9). God has prepared a place of rest for us. The hardships now are nothing compared to the wonderful rest we will have with Him.
Jer. 31:3 The LORD hath appeared of old unto me, saying, Yea, I have loved thee with an everlasting love: therefore with lovingkindness have I drawn thee. (KJV)
The LORD hath appeared of old unto me, saying . . . Israel acknowledges God's past grace; but at the same time implies by of old, that God does not appear to her now. God appeared to Israel of old, but now she feels forsaken.
Yea, I have loved thee with an everlasting love . . . God says, I love thee with the same love now as of old. My love was not a short-lived impulse, but an everlasting love, which was originated the covenant where I adopted thee.
Therefore with lovingkindness have I drawn thee . . . (Hos 11:4). By virtue of My everlasting love I will still extend My loving kindness to thee. O Israel, thou shalt not be forgotten of Me (Isa. 44:21).
*****God's love was not a brief, fleeting impulse, but an everlasting commitment to His wife, Israel. With lovingkindness have I drawn thee, with covenant loyalty (Jer.2:2). Even during this period of divorce (Jer. 3:8) God's love and faithfulness remained fixed on Israel and was never directed to another. What a wonderful God whose love for His people, the church, is not dependent on our faithfulness to Him. 2 Tim. 2:13 If we believe not, yet he abideth faithful: he cannot deny himself. (KJV)
Restoration would follow the judgment of exile because the LORD loved Israel with an everlasting love. Lovingkindness means loyal love, the kind of love that never ends (Mal. 1:2). Paul also affirms that nothing can separate us from the love of God (Rom. 8:39).
God's love is the agape type of love. You and I love for a reason. God loves us even though we do not deserve to be loved. While we were yet sinners, God sent His only begotten Son as our Saviour. God's love is unconditional love. God's love for mankind is a mystery. His love is just as strong for us today, as it was the day He created us. God draws us to Him. The Holy Spirit woos us or draws us, because God wants to save us. See what Jesus says about that drawing. John 6:44 No man can come to me, except the Father which hath sent me draw him: and I will raise him up at the last day. (KJV)
Jer. 31:4 Again I will build thee, and thou shalt be built, O virgin of Israel: thou shalt again be adorned with thy tabrets, and shalt go forth in the dances of them that make merry. (KJV)
Again I will build thee, and thou shalt be built . . . this expresses the fact and implies the reliable certainty of its accomplishment. Security and prosperity are implied. Jer. 1:10 See, I have this day set thee over the nations and over the kingdoms, to root out, and to pull down, and to destroy, and to throw down, to build, and to plant. (KJV) . . . God said that Jeremiah's messages would include destruction and building. Here the building part of the prophet's message is heard.
O virgin of Israel: thou shalt again be adorned with thy tabrets . . . with thy tabrets, timbrels or tambourines, used by damsels for dancing and merrymaking (Ex. 5:20; Jud. 11:34; 1 Sam. 18:6). The exact understanding of this Passage is difficult, since tambourines were not worn! Possibly Israel is shown as a woman and is being urged to use this percussion instrument for the celebration.
And shalt go forth in the dances of them that make merry . . . who, when converted, will be espoused to Christ as a chaste virgin (2 Cor.11:2), and have sincere affection for Him; sincere faith in Him, and worship Him in pureness. They shall receive the pure doctrines of the Gospel, and submit to the ordinances of it, and then will be the Church, compared to a building consisting of lively stones, laid upon the Foundation which is Christ Jesus (1 Pet.2:4-8), which is fallen down, and lies in ruins, to be rebuilt, and none shall hinder it.
Isa. 54:9-15 For this is as the waters of Noah unto me: for as I have sworn that the waters of Noah should no more go over the earth; so have I sworn that I would not be wroth with thee, nor rebuke thee. 10 For the mountains shall depart, and the hills be removed; but my kindness shall not depart from thee, neither shall the covenant of my peace be removed, saith the LORD that hath mercy on thee. 11 O thou afflicted, tossed with tempest, and not comforted, behold, I will lay thy stones with fair colours, and lay thy foundations with sapphires. 12 And I will make thy windows of agates, and thy gates of carbuncles, and all thy borders of pleasant stones. 13 And all thy children shall be taught of the LORD; and great shall be the peace of thy children. 14 In righteousness shalt thou be established: thou shalt be far from oppression; for thou shalt not fear: and from terror; for it shall not come near thee. 15 Behold, they shall surely gather together, but not by me: whosoever shall gather together against thee shall fall for thy sake. (KJV)
. . . And a glorious building it will be.
https://godcannotlie.org/book_of_isaiah_ch.54.htm
Jer. 31:5 Thou shalt yet plant vines upon the mountains of Samaria: the planters shall plant, and shall eat them as common things. (KJV)
Thou shalt yet plant vines upon the mountains of Samaria . . . Samaria was the capital of the ten tribes, called so from Shemer, who owned the hill. Omri, king of Israel bought it and built Samaria upon it. Mountains in many places are judged the most convenient places for vineyards, being free from shades, and for the most part exposed to the sun.
The planters shall plant, and shall eat them as common things . . . God promised them liberty to plant, and that they would enjoy what they planted, which they could not do until the fifth year. Lev. 19:23-25 And when ye shall come into the land, and shall have planted all manner of trees for food, then ye shall count the fruit thereof as uncircumcised: three years shall it be as uncircumcised unto you: it shall not be eaten of.
24 But in the fourth year all the fruit thereof shall be holy to praise the LORD withal. 25 And in the fifth year shall ye eat of the fruit thereof, that it may yield unto you the increase thereof: I am the LORD your God. (KJV) . . . In the fifth year, they could eat the fruit of it, as any common thing that was not unclean, nor yet devoted and consecrated to the LORD. Samaria was the northern kingdom. God is saying, He will make this a fruitful area where they will be able to plant, and God will grow it for them to eat.
Jer. 31:6 For there shall be a day, that the watchmen upon the mount Ephraim shall cry, Arise ye, and let us go up to Zion unto the LORD our God. (KJV)
For there shall be a day, that the watchmen upon the mount Ephraim shall cry . . . the watchmen stationed, are types of the preachers of the Gospel. They shall summon the ten tribes to go up to the annual feasts at Jerusalem (Zion), as they did before the revolt and the setting up of the idol calves at Dan and Beer-sheba. Eze. 37:21-22 And say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, I will take the children of Israel from among the heathen, whither they be gone, and will gather them on every side, and bring them into their own land: 22 And I will make them one nation in the land upon the mountains of Israel; and one king shall be king to them all: and they shall be no more two nations, neither shall they be divided into two kingdoms any more at all: (KJV) . . . Mount Ephraim was not one single mountain, but the whole mountain region of the ten tribes.
Arise ye, and let us go up to Zion unto the LORD our God . . . OUR God, from whom they in the past revolted, but Who is now their God. A preview of that good time to come is given in the partial success of the Gospel in its first preaching in Samaria (John 4:1-42; Ac 8:5-25).
*****Those stationed on hilltops and walls, or in watchtowers, or were on duty in the city or field, were to specifically to warn of possible danger and give protection to the people, God’s prophets were often called watchmen (Jer.6:17; 25:4; Isa.21:11; 56:10; Eze.17-21; 33:2-9; Hab.2:1).
The 10 tribes had broken away from the two tribes, and they had not worshipped together after that. This is speaking of a time when Ephraim will come back to God. Whether this is speaking of the Temple, and they are to go up at festival times; or whether they come to Christ and His church (ZION), is uncertain. Whichever this is, they recognize the LORD as their God. Sometimes Ephraim symbolized the Gentile believers.
John 11:54 Jesus therefore walked no more openly among the Jews; but went thence unto a country near to the wilderness, into a city called Ephraim, and there continued with his disciples. (KJV)
Jer. 31:7 For thus saith the LORD; Sing with gladness for Jacob, and shout among the chief of the nations: publish ye, praise ye, and say, O LORD, save thy people, the remnant of Israel. (KJV)
For thus saith the LORD; Sing with gladness for Jacob, and shout among the chief of the nations . . . the people are urged to sing with praises and prayers to plead for their restoration. The LORD is represented in this setting (verses1, 8), as promising to immediately restore Israel. Therefore they should praise God for the restoration, as being certain of it as if it had actually happened; and at the same time pray for it, because their prayer was a means to the desired end. Ps. 102:13-17 Thou shalt arise, and have mercy upon Zion: for the time to favour her, yea, the set time, is come. 14 For thy servants take pleasure in her stones, and favour the dust thereof. 15 So the heathen shall fear the name of the LORD, and all the kings of the earth thy glory. 16 When the LORD shall build up Zion, he shall appear in his glory. 17 He will regard the prayer of the destitute, and not despise their prayer. (KJV) Isa. 62:1-6 For Zion's sake will I not hold my peace, and for Jerusalem's sake I will not rest, until the righteousness thereof go forth as brightness, and the salvation thereof as a lamp that burneth. 2 And the Gentiles shall see thy righteousness, and all kings thy glory: and thou shalt be called by a new name, which the mouth of the LORD shall name. 3 Thou shalt also be a crown of glory in the hand of the LORD, and a royal diadem in the hand of thy God. 4 Thou shalt no more be termed Forsaken; neither shall thy land any more be termed Desolate: but thou shalt be called Hephzibah, and thy land Beulah: for the LORD delighteth in thee, and thy land shall be married. 5 For as a young man marrieth a virgin, so shall thy sons marry thee: and as the bridegroom rejoiceth over the bride, so shall thy God rejoice over thee. 6 I have set watchmen upon thy walls, O Jerusalem, which shall never hold their peace day nor night: ye that make mention of the LORD, keep not silence, (KJV)
And shout among the chief of the nations . . . on account of, would more closely suit the parallelism for Jacob. Chief of the nations, Israel: as similar to Jacob proves (Ex. 19:5; Ps. 135:4; Am. 6:1). God estimates the greatness of nations NOT by man's standard of material resources, but by His electing favor.
Publish ye, praise ye, and say, O LORD, save thy people, the remnant of Israel . . . the remnant refers to the believing Israel in an end times setting (Jer. 23:3; Isa. 10:20-22; 11:11, 16; Rom. 11:5).
*****This remnant of Israel is spoken of many times in the Bible (2 Chr. 34:9; Isa.10:20; 46:3; Jer. 31:7; Eze. 11:13; Mic.2:12). The remnant are those who have not bowed their knee to Baal, and who have not committed spiritual adultery. The remnant are those who sing with gladness because they love Him, both Jew and Gentile (Gal.3:26-29). This is like saying hurry, Come, Lord Jesus. (Rev.22:12-13, 20).
Mat. 1:21 And she shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call his name JESUS: for he shall save his people from their sins. (KJV)
Mat. 18:11 For the Son of man is come to save that which was lost. (KJV)
Jer. 31:8 Behold, I will bring them from the north country, and gather them from the coasts of the earth, and with them the blind and the lame, the woman with child and her that travaileth with child together: a great company shall return thither. (KJV)
Behold, I will bring them from the north country . . . Assyria, Media, etc. (Jer. 3:12, 18; 23:8). The parallelism with the following phrases makes it clear that it is distance, not geographic location.
And gather them from the coasts of the earth . . . gather them from distant remote regions from which Israel's enemies came (Jer.6:22). Gather from the coasts (Eze. 20:34, 41, 34:13).
And with them the blind and the lame, the woman with child and her that travaileth with child together . . . even the handicapped persons would be given the chance to return. Not even the most sick and unfit persons for a journey shall be left behind, so widespread shall be the restoration.
A great company shall return thither . . . or, they shall return in a great company.
*****Jeremiah’s vision of restoration continues, as he sees in the spirit, the great company of those that return. He sees even those who are usually left behind in such a journey, as burdens hindering its march: the blind, the lame, the women with child or in the very pangs of childbirth, will be seen in that company. None shall remain behind. They are to come from the land of the North. The wide range of the term covering the exiles both of Judah in Babylon and of Israel in the cities of the Medes. For the coasts of the earth (Jer. 25:32). Shall return thither . . . to the land of Israel, which is the goal of this company of travelers.
The North Country here is probably speaking of Babylon, but the coasts of the earth speak of many nations around the world. This just explains that ALL of God's people shall return, from the smallest and weakest to the greatest and strongest.
Jer. 31:9 They shall come with weeping, and with supplications will I lead them: I will cause them to walk by the rivers of waters in a straight way, wherein they shall not stumble: for I am a father to Israel, and Ephraim is my firstborn. (KJV)
They shall come with weeping, and with supplications will I lead them . . . there shall be a weeping for joy, as well as for sorrow, as we have it in the cases both of Jacob and Joseph (Gen. 29:11; 43:30). And so, this text agrees with: Zec. 12:10 And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplications: and they shall look upon me whom they have pierced, and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his firstborn. (KJV) . . . Weeping also here can be understood for their past sins.
I will cause them to walk by the rivers of waters . . . and they shall have no want as they had when they came out of Egypt, through the wilderness, where they often lacked water.
In a straight way, wherein they shall not stumble . . . neither shall they have any rough ways, nor turn to and fro, as God made them to do in their passage through the barren wilderness.
For I am a father to Israel, and Ephraim is my first-born . . . for I have the love of a father for all Israel, so will I show the care and kindness of a father to them, and love them as a man loves his first-born. So God anciently called the Jews. Ex. 4:22 And thou shalt say unto Pharaoh, Thus saith the LORD, Israel is my son, even my firstborn: (KJV)
*****Israel was the first of all nations, whom God owned and took into covenant, and who owned God, and worshipped the TRUE and Living God only. Weeping speaks of repentance. Supplications in this specific place means prayers or petitions. The straight way is the straight and narrow path of righteousness (Mat.7:14). The rivers of water speaks of the Spirit of God (John 7:38-39). They will walk in the Spirit. The Light of the LORD Jesus Christ will light their way so they will not stumble (Jn.1:4-5, 8-9; 8:12; 9:5; 12:35, 46). When Ephraim and Manasseh were brought before their grandfather for their patriarchal blessing, Ephraim received the spiritual blessing of the right hand (Gen. 48). The right hand blessing was usually given to the first born. This was not a mistake, but was deliberate. Jacob was spoken of as Israel, when he blessed the boys. This seems to speak of the spiritual blessing of all the believers in Christ who receive the right hand blessing. Jacob crossed his hands to bless the boys (Gen.48:17-20). Ephraim means double fruit. I think somehow Ephraim symbolized all believers, Jew and Gentile. Israel speaks of the natural Jew as physical Israel and spiritual Israel as all believers in Christ.
Jer. 31:10 Hear the word of the LORD, O ye nations, and declare it in the isles afar off, and say, He that scattered Israel will gather him, and keep him, as a shepherd doth his flock. (KJV)
Hear the word of the LORD, O ye nations . . . nations is a symbol for the Gentiles: who are called upon to hear the Word of the Gospel. The Gospel is the Word of peace, reconciliation and salvation by Christ Jesus. The Gospel was sent among the Gentiles by Jesus, for the calling and conversion of them, that they might believe in Him, and profess His Name.
And declare it in the isles afar off . . . having heard, they received and embraced the Gospel themselves, and made it known to others. Not only to those upon the continent and the isles nearby, but to those afar off from it. Blessed be the LORD, this Gospel has been declared to the conversion and comfort of many, and to the honor and glory of Christ Jesus.
And say, he that scattered Israel will gather him . . . He that scattered will gather. He who scattered knows exactly where to find Israel; He who smote Israel can also heal them . . .
meaning that the LORD that had scattered the Jews throughout the nations of the world, and even in the isles afar off, will gather them and bring them into their own land.
And keep him as a shepherd doth his flock . . . shepherd (Isa. 40:11; Eze. 34:12-14). Keep . . . not only will gather, but keep safely to the end (John 13:1; 17:11). God scattered them because of their unfaithfulness to Him. He will bring them back, because they have repented of their sins, and called out to Him again. This has to be speaking of the gathering that is going on now, because the Jews were not scattered too far off on islands in the time of Jeremiah. God's grace and mercy causes Him to seek the sheep of His flock.
*****Consider the following, as Jesus reaching out to Gentiles:
Mat. 13:1 The same day went Jesus out of the house, and sat by the sea side. (KJV) . . . The same day Jesus went out of the house . . . Jesus was in a literal house, before He went to the sea side, but I also think that we must take note of the symbolism used here. "The same day went Jesus out of the house" . . . house speaks of the house of Israel. "And sat by the sea side" . . . the sea represents the Gentile nations. This symbolism is used elsewhere in Scripture (Ex.40:38; Eze.3:17; Isa.17:12-13; Rev.13:1). Our LORD is leaving the nation of Israel and turning to the world (Gentiles) here. He is now speaking of what will take place in the world until He returns as King. This is a huge change that has taken place in His method. Great multitudes were gathered together to hear Him.
And sat by the sea side . . . I think the LORD was fed up with all the hatred and rejection, and He was now going to bring them several parables (difficult to understand stories). In order to preach to the people, "he began again to teach by the sea side" (Mk.4:1). This was the Sea of Galilee, sometimes called the sea of Tiberias.
Jer. 31:11 For the LORD hath redeemed Jacob, and ransomed him from the hand of him that was stronger than he. (KJV)
For the LORD hath redeemed Jacob . . . redeemed, ransomed. This refers to redemption that has to do with paying a debt for a family member (Ex.6:6; Ruth 3:12-13; 4:2-3).
And ransomed him from the hand of him that was stronger than he . . . no power of the foe can prevent the LORD from delivering Jacob (Isa. 49:24-25).
*****Because of the certainty of Divine Prophecies and Promises, things in them are often said to be already done which are not to be fulfilled until many years later. The idea is, God will absolutely do it, exactly as He had previously stated. Whether it be understood of a deliverance from Babylon, or salvation by the Gospel by Jesus Christ, which by a symbol is often also called redeeming and ransoming. It was to be fulfilled long after this time. From the hand of him that was stronger than he, some understand this to be the Chaldeans, others understand it of the devil. I think this text here refers to their deliverance from Babylon.
Jesus is the Redeemer of all mankind. He ransomed (purchased) us with His shed Blood on the cross of Calvary. Jesus defeated Satan on the cross (Col.2:13-15). Satan may be stronger than we are, but he was not nearly as powerful as the LORD! Satan is a defeated foe. (Rev.20:10).
Jer. 31:12 Therefore they shall come and sing in the height of Zion, and shall flow together to the goodness of the LORD, for wheat, and for wine, and for oil, and for the young of the flock and of the herd: and their soul shall be as a watered garden; and they shall not sorrow any more at all. (KJV)
Therefore they shall come and sing in the height of Zion . . . height of Zion (Eze. 17:23).
And shall flow together to the goodness of the LORD, for wheat, and for wine, and for oil, and for the young of the flock and of the herd . . . flow, there shall be a flowing of worshippers to the Temple on Zion (Isa. 2:1-3; Mic. 4:1). To the goodness of LORD (verse 14). They should be thankful for the generosity of the LORD, as the Source of all good things (Hos 3:5), and pray to Him and praise Him for these blessings of which He is the Fountainhead.
And their soul shall be as a watered garden . . . a watered garden (Isa. 58:11), not just for a time, but they shall continually be full of holy comfort.
And they shall not sorrow any more at all . . . not sorrow any more, referring to the triumphant Church, as well as to literal Israel (Isa. 35:10; 65:19; Rev. 21:4).
*****The particular phrases in this verse are indicating just one thing . . . that being the happy and prosperous state that the Jews would be in after their return from the captivity, both in their religious and civil state. The height of Zion may either mean Jerusalem, or more specially the Temple, where those that returned, would come and sing praises to God. They would come to beg God for good things because of His goodness, and now owning Him as their God, and they would be a beautiful, flourishing, growing people.
Jer. 31:13 Then shall the virgin rejoice in the dance, both young men and old together: for I will turn their mourning into joy, and will comfort them, and make them rejoice from their sorrow. (KJV)
This verse contains a further variety of expressions, all which indicate the same thing as above, that being their happy state for some time after the captivity. The dancing here means all the people, young and old alike, in their religious rejoicing in their holy festivals. This speaks of a time of great joy, because they have been redeemed. This is old and young, male, and female all rejoicing together. They are dancing in joy because of their long awaited homecoming.
Jer. 31:14 And I will satiate the soul of the priests with fatness, and my people shall be satisfied with my goodness, saith the LORD. (KJV)
And I will satiate the soul of the priests with fatness . . . by priests some understand the ministers of the Gospel, whom God here promised freely to provide for; by giving a success to their ministry, and letting them see the fruit of their labors, make them rejoice. And my people shall be satisfied with my goodness, saith the LORD . . . my goodness (Jer. 31:12). The people, were not just for a short time only satisfied with the LORD'S goodness. His goodness is forever, for all who choose it!
*****This rejoicing is symbolically expressed by fatness, with reference to the sacrifices under the Law. It is a usual thing for God by His prophets to express New Testament duties and privileges by phrases borrowed from the worship of God under the Old Testament.
Isa. 66:22-24 For as the new heavens and the new earth, which I will make, shall remain before me, saith the LORD, so shall your seed and your name remain. 23 And it shall come to pass, that from one new moon to another, and from one sabbath to another, shall all flesh come to worship before me, saith the LORD. 24 And they shall go forth, and look upon the carcases of the men that have transgressed against me: for their worm shall not die, neither shall their fire be quenched; and they shall be an abhorring unto all flesh. (KJV) . . . This expresses the final outcome of the two opposite classes of people, the righteous and the wicked, when people of all ages, shall be determined; with which this amazing Book of Isaiah ends. Those who are holy and righteous, who fear God and love the Truth, are the humble, meek and merciful, and who continue in every good work to the end, shall be the ones to enter the Kingdom.
The other class of people are the wicked. They shall be the ones to fall under the wrath of God! The carcases of the men that have transgressed against me . . . their worm shall not die, neither shall their fire be quenched . . . for they shall die physically in this judgment, and be condemned to an everlasting Hell! http://www.judgmentcoming.org/j_c_hell_is_it_there.htm
Their sorrow for the loss of their children
Would be ended (Jer. 31:15-17)
Jer. 31:15 Thus saith the LORD; A voice was heard in Ramah, lamentation, and bitter weeping; Rahel weeping for her children refused to be comforted for her children, because they were not. (KJV)
Thus saith the LORD; A voice was heard in Ramah . . . Ramah was a town in Benjamin's territory, near Bethel, which Josephus located about five miles north of Jerusalem. Lamentation, and bitter weeping . . . Rachel, who all her life had wanted children (Gen. 30:1), died with sorrow in giving birth to Benjamin; she was buried at Ramah, in the territory that would belong to Benjamin, near Bethlehem (Gen. 35:18-19; 1 Sam. 10:2). It seems that she is here represented as raising her head from the tomb, and as breaking forth in weeping at seeing the whole land depopulated of her sons, the Ephraimites. Ramah was the place where Nebuzaradan collected all the Judeans in chains, prior to their removal to Babylon (Jer. 40:1). God therefore consoles her with the Promise of their restoration.
Rahel weeping for her children refused to be comforted for her children, because they were not . . . refused to be comforted, so deep is the pain of the loss of her children that Rachel cannot be comforted.
*****Interpreters are divided about these words, some say it refers to the slaughter of the Jews belonging to the ten tribes, when they were captivated by the Assyrians, some say it refers to the slaughter of the Jews, at the siege and taking of the city by the king of Babylon, others say it refers to Herod's killing the infants in Bethlehem (Mat.2:16-18).
Rahel here does not mean a single person, but is thought as a common parent, lamenting the loss of her offspring. Ramah was near Bethlehem, but it was a city in the tribe of Benjamin (Jos.18:25; 1 Ki.15:17). Rachel was buried between Ramah and Bethlehem (Gen.35:19; 1 Sam.10:2), and it was also the place where Nebuzaradan, after he had taken Jerusalem, disposed of his prisoners (Jer.40:1; 4:1-31). Although most of the Jews were not killed, but carried into captivity; there is no doubt many were slain. In Ramah therefore a voice was heard, that is, in Canaan, and particularly in Ramah, where Nebuzaradan, disposed of the prisoners he had taken, setting some at liberty, (Jeremiah in particular,) ordering others to death, and carrying the rest away to Babylon, which caused a bitter weeping and lamentation. Jer. 40:1 The word that came to Jeremiah from the LORD, after that Nebuzaradan the captain of the guard had let him go from Ramah, when he had taken him being bound in chains among all that were carried away captive of Jerusalem and Judah, which were carried away captive unto Babylon. (KJV)
Jer. 31:16 Thus saith the LORD; Refrain thy voice from weeping, and thine eyes from tears: for thy work shall be rewarded, saith the LORD; for thy work shall be rewarded, saith the LORD. (KJV)
Jeremiah in this and the following verses is brought in as one appointed by God to quiet and comfort Rachel, calling to her to calm herself, and not to mourn so extremely, for God would reward her for her afflictions, which are here understood by the term work. For thy work shall be rewarded, saith the LORD . . . the work of weeping for her children. Mourning, the Eastern way, included wailing and casting one's self on the ground; which was indeed work. But it would not change the tragic circumstances, so Rachel is ordered to stop. God has heard the bitter lament and will act to reverse the fortunes of those deported (verse 17).
For thy work shall be rewarded, saith the LORD . . . they shall come again, God Himself will bring back Rachel's children. And so, Rachel, and the Jewish mothers she represents, are comforted with the hopes of a better resurrection (Heb. 11:35). This is another Passage that declares the fact that babies that die, live again in the resurrection.
Jer. 31:17 And there is hope in thine end, saith the LORD, that thy children shall come again to their own border. (KJV)
And there is hope in thine end, saith the LORD . . . hope for the future appeared possible for the Judean captives, given the more recent deportations. The northern tribes had been deported over 150 years before, and things looked bleak for them, but even for them there was hope because God had promised that a remnant of these tribes would return (Am. 5:15; Mic. 2:12; 5:7-8) and His love and faithfulness had not changed (vs.3).
That thy children shall come again to their own border . . . either to the border of the land of Israel, as Joseph, Mary, and Jesus did (Mat. 2:21); or rather to the borders of the tribes of Judah and Benjamin, where this cruel murder was committed. And so the indication is, that they shall rise again, and stand upon that very spot of ground where their blood was spilled. And they shall enter into and dwell upon the new earth in the Jerusalem state. And also enter into the heavenly Canaan, and dwell with Christ for evermore, on whose account their lives were taken away. The hope of all who believe is of the resurrection.
*****By end is meant the end of the seventy years, and the words are repeating the Promise of the return of the Jews out of the captivity of Babylon, of which the prophet had often before assured them, and here, he only repeats why they should not be overly afflicted; for their affliction was not endless, nor their captivity forever; for they would return again one day, into their own land.
Verses 18-20: I shall be turned. Jeremiah wrote of Israel (the 10 tribes called Ephraim), as finally recognizing, in humility, the need for the LORD to move them to repentance and forgiveness (Ps.102:13-17), for the relation of Israel’s restoration to their prayers (Jer. 24:6-7; Lam. 5:21; John 6:44-45). The LORD’S judgment would finally cause the people to confess their wrongdoing and turn from their sinful behavior. The purpose of the LORD’S judgment was discipline and correction, not destruction (Acts 3:26; Heb. 12:5-11).
They would repent of their sins, and
God will graciously accept them (Jer. 31: 18-20)
Jer. 31:18 I have surely heard Ephraim bemoaning himself thus; Thou hast chastised me, and I was chastised, as a bullock unaccustomed to the yoke: turn thou me, and I shall be turned; for thou art the LORD my God. (KJV)
I have surely heard Ephraim bemoaning himself thus . . . Ephraim represents the ten tribes. Bemoaning himself . . . the spirit of repenting prayer shall be poured on Israel as the necessary sign of their restoration (Zec.12:10-14).
Thou hast chastised me, and I was chastised . . . in the first part, chastisement itself is meant; in the second part the valuable effect of it teaches the penitent one true wisdom.
As a bullock unaccustomed to the yoke . . . a similar image occurs in: Deu. 32:15 But Jeshurun waxed fat, and kicked: thou art waxen fat, thou art grown thick, thou art covered with fatness; then he forsook God which made him, and lightly esteemed the Rock of his salvation. (KJV) Compare stiff-necked: Ex. 32:9 And the LORD said unto Moses, I have seen this people, and, behold, it is a stiffnecked people: (KJV) Ex. 32:9 And the LORD said unto Moses, I have seen this people, and, behold, it is a stiffnecked people: (KJV) . . . This is an image of a bullock unaccustomed to the yoke or stubborn oxen.
Turn thou me, and I shall be turned; for thou art the LORD my God . . . turn thou me, by Thy converting Spirit (Lam. 5:21). The first step in repentance is confession of sin and a prayer for the LORD’S effective assistance in the believer’s life. TRUE repentance involves the work of the total person in recognizing and sorrowing over sin, and then renouncing it so as to turn to the LORD with his whole heart. See: TRUE Children of God: https://www.godcannotlie.org/true_children_of_god.htm
*****The message in this is that man is helpless to change himself. All have sinned and fall short of the glory of God (Rom. 6:23). God provides a Way in Christ Jesus for all to be saved (John 14:6). Since we cannot save ourselves, God did it for us in the wonderful Person of Jesus.
Jer. 31:19 Surely after that I was turned, I repented; and after that I was instructed, I smote upon my thigh: I was ashamed, yea, even confounded, because I did bear the reproach of my youth. (KJV)
Surely after that I was turned, I repented . . . repentance follows our turning to God.
Zec. 12:10 And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplications: and they shall look upon me whom they have pierced, and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his firstborn. (KJV) . . . When the Jews' look to Him whom they pierced shall result in their mourning for Him. Repentance comes from faith in Jesus. Only Jesus Himself gives repentance: we cannot give it to ourselves, we must come to Him for it. Acts 5:31 Him hath God exalted with his right hand to be a Prince and a Saviour, for to give repentance to Israel, and forgiveness of sins. (KJV)
And after that I was instructed . . . made to learn by chastisement (Heb.12:8). God's Spirit often works through the corrections of His wisdom. We should always welcome chastisement form the LORD.
I smote upon my thigh . . . smiting the thigh is a sign of remorse, shame and grief, because of his past sin (Eze. 21:12).
I was ashamed, yea, even confounded, because I did bear the reproach of my youth . . .
because the disasters which I bore were the just punishment of my scandalous depravity against God in my youth . . . this refers to the idols set up at Dan and Beth-el (1 Ki.12:28-31), immediately after the ten tribes revolted from Judah. His sense of shame shows that he no longer delights in his sin.
*****After God stopped him and turned him around, he repented. His sins were a bad memory to him. The beautiful part of salvation is that God puts our sins into the depths of the sea (Mic.7:19), and will remember them no more (Heb.8:12; 10:17). Our sins are abolished when washed in the Precious Blood of the Lamb, Jesus Christ (1 Pet.1:8-19).
Jer. 31:20 Is Ephraim my dear son? is he a pleasant child? for since I spake against him, I do earnestly remember him still: therefore my bowels are troubled for him; I will surely have mercy upon him, saith the LORD. (KJV)
Is Ephraim my dear son? is he a pleasant child? . . . this question suggests a negative answer was to be expected. Who would have thought that one so unfaithful to His heavenly Father as Ephraim, would still be regarded by God as a pleasant child? Certainly he was not so in respect to his sin, but by virtue of God's everlasting love (verse 3) on Ephraim's being turned to God, he was immediately welcomed as God's dear son. This verse sets forth God's readiness to welcome anyone who repents (verses 18-19), expecting His return with grace and love. Luke 15:20 And he arose, and came to his father. But when he was yet a great way off, his father saw him, and had compassion, and ran, and fell on his neck, and kissed him. (KJV)
For since I spake against him . . . threatened him for his idolatry.
I do earnestly remember him still . . . remember him with favor and concern (Gen 8:1; 30:22).
Therefore my bowels are troubled for him; I will surely have mercy upon him, saith the LORD . . . (Deu. 32:36; Isa. 63:15; Hos. 11:8), meaning with compassionate love of the LORD. The bowels include the region of the heart, the seat of the affections.
Both they and their cattle shall be increased, not cut offAnd diminished as they had been (Jer. 31:21-30)
Jer. 31:21 Set thee up waymarks, make thee high heaps: set thine heart toward the highway, even the way which thou wentest: turn again, O virgin of Israel, turn again to these thy cities. (KJV)
Set thee up waymarks, make thee high heaps . . . waymarks, guideposts, pillars to mark the road for the returning exiles. Caravans would set up pointed heaps of stones, to mark the way through the desert for their return. So Israel is told by God to mark the way by which they went, in leaving their country for exile; for by the same way they shall return.
Set thine heart toward the highway, even the way which thou wentest . . . highway, the distinctive language of Isaiah can easily be recognized here (Isa. 35:8, 10; 40:3-5, 11; 41:18-20; 42:16; 43:17).
Turn again, O virgin of Israel, turn again to these thy cities . . . the last part of this verse explains the first part. God says that they shall return again to these cities which they now leave, so pay attention and set up some signs by which to remember it again; make some high heaps of stone in the way, so you may know again when you come to them. Pay attention to the way that the Assyrians and the Babylonians carried you, for you shall come back the same way. To further assure them they would return, the LORD tells them to turn again, doubling His Words, to further confirm the thing.
Jer. 31:22 How long wilt thou go about, O thou backsliding daughter? for the LORD hath created a new thing in the earth, A woman shall compass a man. (KJV)
How long wilt thou go about, O thou backsliding daughter? . . . from place to, place, from country to country, as the Jews do to today. They do not return to the LORD, and David their king, and to their own country. How long will you backslide from the LORD; in neglecting the Promises and prophecies, the exhortations, cautions and instructions there. The Jews are still guilty and continue in their backsliding.
For the LORD hath created a new thing in the earth, A woman shall compass a man . . .
some interpret this woman to be the Virgin Mary, who was to enclose in her womb the LORD Jesus Christ, to whom the converted Jews were to follow. This being the received idea of many interpreters. They say this indeed was a new thing . . . a new thing for a virgin to become a mother, and still remaining a virgin, and to be the mother of Him who was blessed by God for ever. Although Mary was not the mother of Jesus’ Divine nature; because Christ answered to the type of Melchisedec (Heb.5:6, 10; 6:20; 7:17, 21), without father as man, without mother as God. The Word shall compass indicates any encompassing, and may be properly applied to the Virgin's womb encompassing an infant. And for the word translated man, they say it is applied to a new-born infant (Isa. 9:6; Deu.10:17; Zec.13:7; Mat. 26:31). In a matter where so many educated men are divided, it is a matter where neither faith or holiness are much concerned . . . the question does not concern whether Christ was encompassed in the womb of a woman, which is very plain from other Scriptures, but only whether that is the sense of the phrase here.
Jer. 31:23 Thus saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; As yet they shall use this speech in the land of Judah and in the cities thereof, when I shall bring again their captivity; The LORD bless thee, O habitation of justice, and mountain of holiness. (KJV)
Thus saith the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel . . . these prophecies of the restoration of the Jews are usually preceded with these two attributes of God; the one which states His power to do the thing promised; for what cannot be done by the LORD of hosts? The other declaring His goodness or good-will to this people, because He is their God, related to them and in covenant with them, with the ability, love and good-will to us, being the two pillars of our faith and confidence in God, which requires no more than that we would be assured that the Person we trust is able and willing to do what we trust to Him to do for us.
As yet they shall use this speech in the land of Judah and in the cities thereof, when I shall bring again their captivity . . . not the Babylon captivity, but their present one; for, upon their return from Babylon, though there was a reformation among them, by means of Ezra and Nehemiah and others, yet not so great an one as is here suggested; when, by way of salutation and prayer, the following words will be said by all that know them, and wish well to them, as had been heretofore.
The LORD bless thee, O habitation of justice, and mountain of holiness . . . mountain of holiness, Zion. Jerusalem again shall be the capital of the whole nation, the seat of justice (Ps.122:5-8; Isa.1:26), and a place of sacred worship (Zec.8:3).
Jer. 31:24 And there shall dwell in Judah itself, and in all the cities thereof together, husbandmen, and they that go forth with flocks. (KJV)
And there shall dwell in Judah itself, and in all the cities thereof together . . . in peace and unity, in great friendship and harmony.
Husbandmen, and they that go forth with flocks . . . husbandmen and shepherds; meaning not just in a temporal sense, but in a spiritual one; ministers of the Gospel, laborers with God, in the growth of His church. Pastors after His own heart, to feed His people, His flocks, His sheep and lambs, with knowledge and understanding; who shall agree in their ministry, teaching the same doctrines, and governing the same ordinances, according to the rule of the Holy Word.
Jer. 31:25 For I have satiated the weary soul, and I have replenished every sorrowful soul. (KJV)
For I have satiated the weary soul . . . satisfied the weary soul, as sinners that are at first awakened and convicted, when sin is made very sinful and hateful to them, and becomes so uneasy, that it is a burden to them because of it. They labor, until they are weary, to get food for their famishing spiritual souls; weary seeking for righteousness to cover them, weary in inquiring about rest. They cannot find either food, or righteousness, or life, or rest, until they come to Christ. Dear one, only Jesus can satisfy our weary soul!
Mat. 5:4 Blessed are they that mourn: for they shall be comforted. (KJV) . . . Mourn?? For what? YOUR SIN!
And I have replenished every sorrowful soul . . . that is sorry for sin and mourn for it.
He fills them to satisfaction with Christ, and all good things by Him; with peace, pardon, righteousness and salvation; with His Spirit, His gifts and His grace; with the Gospel provisions, the goodness and fatness of His house; with all spiritual blessings now, and with glory and happiness hereafter.
Jer. 31:26 Upon this I awaked, and beheld; and my sleep was sweet unto me. (KJV)
Upon this I awakened, and beheld . . . when or after Jeremiah beheld or had seen the vision and prophecy concerning the Incarnation of Christ, and the glory and happiness of His church and people in the latter day, he awoke; for it seems the prophecy contained in this and the preceding chapter was delivered to Jeremiah in a dream; who, when he had seen the vision, and upon the last words being spoken to him, awoke out of it.
And my sleep was sweet unto me . . . as it had to be, to have so many gracious Promises, and glorious prophecies, delivered to him in it. This had to be after Jeremiah received a vision or dream from the LORD. Lev. 26:6 And I will give peace in the land, and ye shall lie down, and none shall make you afraid: and I will rid evil beasts out of the land, neither shall the sword go through your land. (KJV) . . . Peace in the land and the ability to sleep is mentioned as a covenant blessing which could well be in mind here. Jeremiah may have personally experienced what the nation as a whole would in future days.
Jer. 31:27 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will sow the house of Israel and the house of Judah with the seed of man, and with the seed of beast. (KJV)
Behold, the days come, saith the LORD . . . or are coming, and will be here shortly;
That I will sow the house of Israel, and the house of Judah, with the seed of man, and with the seed of beast . . . I will multiply both man and beast, so that there shall be a great increase; because through war, famine, pestilence and captivity, their number was greatly reduced. The reference is to the sowing of a field with seed, which in due time springs up, and produces a large increase. Some understand this of the spiritual blessing of regeneration; but regeneration is not of corruptible seed, such as is here mentioned, but of incorruptible seed, (1 Pet.1:23), by the word of God. This may be a type of the fruitfulness of the church in Gospel times; since afterwards an account is given of the new covenant, which would take place in those times. For more on regeneration, see Special Comments at the end of this Chapter.
Jer. 31:28 And it shall come to pass, that like as I have watched over them, to pluck up, and to break down, and to throw down, and to destroy, and to afflict; so will I watch over them, to build, and to plant, saith the LORD. (KJV)
And it shall come to pass, that like as I have watched over them . . . in wisdom; looked upon them with an eye of spiteful justice; observed all their actions and motions; carefully attended to everything that passed, and took the first and most fitting opportunity.
To pluck up, and to break down, and to throw down, and to destroy, and to afflict . . . these words express the utter overthrow of the city, Temple, and nation of the Jews, and of the numerous troubles and calamities they would be afflicted with.
So will I watch over them; be as careful and diligent, as intent, earnest, and early . . . to build, and to plant, saith the LORD; to build their city and Temple, and to plant them in their own land. So the church of God is His building, whose foundation He lays, the building which He rears up, and will complete it in His own time; and it is His place, into which He puts His pleasant plants, His plants of renown; which He waters with His Spirit and grace, by the ministry of the Word, that they may grow, and become fruitful.
Jer. 31:29 In those days they shall say no more, The fathers have eaten a sour grape, and the children's teeth are set on edge. (KJV)
In those days they shall say no more . . . the following proverb; they would have no time to use it, nor would they choose to use it; since they would understand themselves, and the privileges of God’s Wisdom towards them.
The fathers have eaten a sour grape, and the children's teeth are set on edge . . . the fathers have sinned, and the children are smitten . . . this was in some sense true; they were punished for their fathers’ sins in the captivity, especially for Manasseh’s; nor was it unusual with God to visit the iniquities of the fathers upon the children; nor at all unjust, since they were a part of their parents, and especially since they were guilty of the same sins; nor is it thought unjust among men to punish children for the treason of their parents, as every sin is treason against God. But this was not all that was meant by this proverb; the sense of those that used it was, that they themselves were quite clear and innocent, and that they only suffered for their fathers’ faults; which was false, of which they would be convinced, and use the proverb no more, as charging God with injustice.
Our tremendous and wonderful LORD is NEVER unjust!
God will renew His Covenant with them,
And enrich it with spiritual blessings (Jer.31:31-34)
Jer. 31:30 But every one shall die for his own iniquity: every man that eateth the sour grape, his teeth shall be set on edge. (KJV)
But everyone shall die for his own iniquity . . . his own personal iniquity; and not a bodily death only, but an eternal (spiritual) one, which is the just wages of sin (Rom.6:23). It seems to indicate, that after the Babylon captivity, no public calamity would come upon them for the sins of their fathers and their own jointly, but only for their own iniquities; so it seems that their last destruction by the Romans was for their personal disbelief and rejection of the Messiah (John 8:24); and the disasters upon them ever since have been for the same reason. Without a doubt, they cursed His Blood upon them, and upon their children, and so it is; but then, their children are under the power of the same sin of unbelief, and will remain so, until the veil is taken away, and they turn to the LORD; after which it will still be a more clear case that everyone shall die for his own iniquity.
Mat. 27:24-25 When Pilate saw that he could prevail nothing, but that rather a tumult was made, he took water, and washed his hands before the multitude, saying, I am innocent of the blood of this just person: see ye to it. 25 Then answered all the people, and said, His blood be on us, and on our children. (KJV) . . . And it is this day.
Every man that eateth the sour grape, his teeth shall be set on edge . . . though it may be thought to be a sweet morsel, is a sour grape, and will prove so in the outcome; and will give a man much trouble and lack of peace, when he is convinced of the evil of it, or suffers the punishment of it, as when a man’s teeth are set on edge; and certainly the end result of it will be weeping, wailing, and gnashing of teeth (Mat.8:12; 13:42, 50; 22:13; 24:51; 25:30; Lk.13:20). All these Scriptures are Jesus’ Words! There IS a HELL!
Jer. 31:31 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah: (KJV)
Behold, the days come, saith the LORD . . . or are coming, and will be here shortly;
That I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah . . . this refers to Gospel times, as is clear from the quotation and application by the apostle. Heb. 8:8-13 For finding fault with them, he saith, Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah: 9 Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day when I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt; because they continued not in my covenant, and I regarded them not, saith the Lord. 10 For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, saith the Lord; I will put my laws into their mind, and write them in their hearts: and I will be to them a God, and they shall be to me a people: 11 And they shall not teach every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, Know the Lord: for all shall know me, from the least to the greatest. 12 For I will be merciful to their unrighteousness, and their sins and their iniquities will I remember no more. 13 In that he saith, A new covenant, he hath made the first old. Now that which decayeth and waxeth old is ready to vanish away. (KJV)
*****The whole subject of Jeremiah Chapters 30 and 31 is the restoration of the Hebrews (Jer. 30:4, 7, 10, 18; 31:7, 10, 11, 23, 24, 27, 36). With the remnant according to the election of grace in Israel, the new covenant has already taken effect. But as far as the nation as a whole, its recognition is reserved for the last days, to which Paul refers.
Rom. 11:27-28 For this is my covenant unto them, when I shall take away their sins. 28 As concerning the gospel, they are enemies for your sakes: but as touching the election, they are beloved for the fathers' sakes. (KJV) . . . This is Jeremiah’s prophecy in a shortened form.
Jer. 31:32 Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt; which my covenant they brake, although I was an husband unto them, saith the LORD: (KJV)
Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers . . .meaning Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob; but the ancestors of the Jews that came out of Egypt, as seems by what follows.
In the day that I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt . . . this was the covenant made at Sinai, which is here referred to; but the above covenant was not according to that; for, though it was not properly a covenant of works, but a typical one; yet it was in some way faulty and deficient; or, the persons under it were faulty, and did not keep it; and besides, it was made with the Israelites; whereas this new covenant belongs both to Jews and Gentiles. That the Sinai covenant is intended is clear by the following circumstances: Ex.19:1 In the third month, when the children of Israel were gone forth out of the land of Egypt, the same day came they into the wilderness of Sinai. (KJV) . . . Immediately after they were brought out of Egypt, the covenant was made with them. At which time the LORD took them by the hand, as being unable to deliver themselves, and to go out by themselves; which expresses their weakness, and His power, goodness, kindness and tenderness to them; and intensifies their ingratitude to Him in breaking the covenant, and which is still more fully expressed in the following clause:
Which my covenant they brake, although I was an husband unto them, saith the LORD . . . they promised to obey, but they disobeyed! Their hearts were not right with God, nor were they steadfast in His Covenant; even though it was a solemn transaction, and had the nature of a matrimonial contract; it was the day of their espousal; they were betrothed to the LORD, and He acted the part of a Husband to them in nourishing and cherishing them, and in providing food and raiment for them; manna that continued with them, and clothes that waxed not old (Deu.8:4; Neh.9:21); and in protecting them from their enemies, and bringing them to a good settlement in the land of Canaan. Heb. 8:9 Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day when I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt; because they continued not in my covenant, and I regarded them not, saith the Lord. (KJV)
Jer. 31:33 But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel; After those days, saith the LORD, I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts; and will be their God, and they shall be my people. (KJV)
But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel . . . with those Israelites who shall be without guile . . . as Christ said of Nathanael (John 1:47), with those who are one inwardly, by the circumcision of the heart and Spirit Rom. 2:29 But he is a Jew, which is one inwardly; and circumcision is that of the heart, in the spirit, and not in the letter; whose praise is not of men, but of God. (KJV) For the LORD shall circumcise their hearts (Deu.30:6).
After those days, saith the LORD, I will put my law in their inward parts, and write it in their hearts . . . in the times of the Gospel, God's law shall not be repealed nor made void. Christ Himself came not to destroy the law, but to fulfil it (Mat.5:17). The covenant will be written in the hearts of God's TRUE Israel by the Holy Spirit, not in tables of stone only; and they become obedient to it, not from compulsion and force, but because they approve of it, and they admit it to be holy, just and good, and the inward man delights in it (Rom.7:22; 2 Cor.4:16).
And will be their God, and they shall be my people . . . then shall God be Israel’s God, and Israel shall be His people. This new covenant is different from the one given to Moses at Mount Sinai. The outstanding difference is that it will be engraved on the hearts of the people and not upon cold tables of stone.
*****Some might ask, How was this a new covenant? Didn’t God write His Law in the hearts of His people? Didn’t David and many others serve God out of love and delight in His law? (Ps.1:2; 40:8; 119:16, 24, 35, 47, 70, 74, 174).
There is no doubt that David and many others did serve God because they loved the LORD, and that the Law of God was firmly written in their hearts, but it was by benefit of this new covenant, which came from the free and effective grace of God. I think that the idea of Jeremiah here is to explain the difference between the Law and the Gospel. The Law points to duty; the Gospel brings along with it the grace of regeneration (Mat.19:28; Tit.3:5), by which the heart is changed, fitted, and enabled for and unto duty. All under the time of the Law that came to salvation were saved, NOT from the law, but by the Gospel, and this new covenant; but this was not clearly exhibited, neither was the regenerating grace of God so common, under the time of the Law, as it has been under the Gospel, which makes it look like a new covenant to men, even though it was the same covenant which God was always in with His people; for what difference is there between the terms of the covenant as recited here:
Jer. 24:7 And I will give them an heart to know me, that I am the LORD: and they shall be my people, and I will be their God: for they shall return unto me with their whole heart. (KJV)
Jer. 30:22 And ye shall be my people, and I will be your God. (KJV)
And that made with Abraham?
Gen. 17:7 And I will establish my covenant between me and thee and thy seed after thee in their generations for an everlasting covenant, to be a God unto thee, and to thy seed after thee. (KJV)
Deut. 30:6 And the LORD thy God will circumcise thine heart, and the heart of thy seed, to love the LORD thy God with all thine heart, and with all thy soul, that thou mayest live. (KJV)
Jer. 31:34 And they shall teach no more every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, Know the LORD: for they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the LORD: for I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more. (KJV)
And they shall teach no more every man his neighbour, and every man his brother . . . which is not to be understood of the outward ministry of the Word; in Heaven there will be no need of it, nor in the New Jerusalem state; but will be needed in every period of time before that! In the first times of the Gospel, persons were appointed and qualified by Christ Jesus to be pastors and teachers; and in the latter day men shall run to and fro to seek the word of the LORD (Am.8:12), and increase knowledge (Dan.12:4). Dear one, people in today’s world stand in need of teaching; since they know but in part (1 Cor. 13:12), there is always room to grow in grace and in the knowledge of Christ.
Saying, Know the LORD: for they shall all know me, from the least of them unto the greatest of them . . . know the LORD, spiritually; not in a general way, as the God of nature and providence, as a Creator, Preserver and Benefactor; but in a special way, as the God of grace, as the God and Father of Christ, not legally, but willingly.
This kind of knowledge now under the Gospel dispensation is greater than that under the former; as the knowledge of God in His Persons, His perfections, His titles and characters, and in His Son; and as to the manner of it, clearly, with open face as in a glass. 1 Cor. 13:12 For now we see through a glass, darkly; but then face to face: now I know in part; but then shall I know even as also I am known. (KJV)
For I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more . . . (Heb.8:12; 10:17), there was forgiveness of sin under the former covenant, but the Blood of Christ was not yet actually shed for it. The saints did not have a clear and comfortable vision of pardon then, as now. This is the main, and wonderful blessing of the new covenant.
These Blessings shall be secured to the
Spiritual Seed of Israel for ever (Jer.31:35-37)
Jer. 31:35 Thus saith the LORD, which giveth the sun for a light by day, and the ordinances of the moon and of the stars for a light by night, which divideth the sea when the waves thereof roar; The LORD of hosts is his name: (KJV)
Thus saith the LORD, which giveth the sun for a light by day . . . as He did at the beginning, and still continues to do so; and which is a wonderful gift of nature that He bestows on men, who are unworthy of such a favor (Mat.5:45).
And the ordinances of the moon and of the stars for a light by night . . . (Gen.1:14-18); which have a settled regular order and course, in which they move; and whereby they impart the light they borrow from the sun, to enlighten the world by night; which is another favor to the inhabitants of the Earth.
Which divideth the sea when the waves thereof roar . . . dividing of the Red sea for the Israelites to pass over (Ex.14:22-29); but this seems to respects an action more frequently done; when it is tumultuous and threatens the loss of ships and men’s lives, and attempts to pass its bounds, He rebukes it, and makes it a calm (Mat.8:23-26), He stills the noise of the seas, the noise of their waves (Ps. 65:7).
The LORD of hosts is his name . . . the LORD has all the armies of heaven and earth at His command, and can do whatever He desires; He, and only He, can do the above things, and does them; and He that is able to do them, is also able to make good the covenant He has made with the house of Israel, and fulfil the Promises of it.
Jer. 31:36 If those ordinances depart from before me, saith the LORD, then the seed of Israel also shall cease from being a nation before me for ever. (KJV)
If those ordinances depart from before me, saith the LORD . . . IF the sun, moon, and stars, would these leave their proper course, and not perform their jobs, or do as God had appointed for them; IF they would desert their Master, or disobey His orders, and pay no attention to the laws and rules He has set them . . . what trouble we would be in!
Then the seed of Israel also shall cease from being a nation before me for ever . . . but, since that is impossible, so is the other, The Jews have NOT ceased from being a nation through their captivity in Babylon, nor through their destruction by the Romans. They continue to be a distinctive nation and people to this day, even though they are scattered throughout the nations of the world. This refers to spiritual Israel, the holy nation and peculiar people (Deu.14:2; 36:18; Tit.2:14; 1 Per.2:9). Christ Jesus will have a seed, a remnant, to serve Him as long as the sun and moon stand firm; so too will His church continue to the end of the world; for it is built on a rock; and the gates of hell cannot prevail against it (Mat.16:18).
*****This covenant will never be changed or repealed. Just as we cannot change the course of the sun or the moon or pull it out of the sky, so His covenant with Israel cannot be changed. God says this is an everlasting covenant that He will make with them.
Jer. 31:37 Thus saith the LORD; If heaven above can be measured, and the foundations of the earth searched out beneath, I will also cast off all the seed of Israel for all that they have done, saith the LORD. (KJV)
Thus saith the LORD; If heaven above can be measured . . . can we ever be able to measure the distance between highest heavens and the Earth? NO! Can we measure the extent of the heavens, from one end of them to the other? NO! Nor will we ever be able to do that, because it is impossible that man should ever know the measure of the heavens above!
And the foundations of the earth searched out beneath . . . can we search out the foundations of the Earth? NO! Can we know what they are? NO! Can we say what they are tied to? NO! WHY? Because the Earth is hung upon nothing (Job 38:4-11).
I will also cast off all the seed of Israel for all that they have done, saith the LORD . . . when there was such a great rejection of the Jews for their disbelief of the Messiah, they were not all cast off; the Apostle Paul was an example to the contrary, and so were others: they were the remnant according to the election of grace (Rom.11:15), and there is a time coming when all Israel shall be saved (Ro 11:26); nor shall any of the spiritual Israel be cast off by Him, or cast away from Him, so as to perish. The Israel, whom God foreknew, is chosen, redeemed and whom He calls by His grace; not for the sins and transgressions they have been guilty of, although they may deserve it. The reason is because of His unchangeable love for them; His unchangeable covenant with them; the penalty His only begotten Son has paid for them; and the free and full pardon of their sins, which He has granted to them.
To show His deep sincerity, this the city of
Jerusalem shall be rebuilt (Jer.31:38-40)
The future of Jerusalem, after the exile, is foreseen.
Jer. 31:38 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that the city shall be built to the LORD from the tower of Hananeel unto the gate of the corner. (KJV)
Behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that the city shall be built to the LORD from the tower of Hananeel . . . the city shall extend beyond its former bounds. Jerusalem will be larger than it was when destroyed in 586 B.C. The tower of Hananeel, is the only named defense tower of the four that was a part of Jerusalem's defenses. This one is thought to have been located at the northeastern corner of the city wall (Neh. 3:1; 12:39; Zec.14:10). The name Hananeel means God is gracious and was named after an unknown person.
Unto the gate of the corner . . . (2 Ki. 14:13; 2 Chr. 26:9).
*****Some say this prophecy refers to future times in the latter day redemption, and never was fulfilled in the Second Temple; and under the rebuilding of Jerusalem, and seems to be intended the building of the Gospel Church, which was to continue to the end of time; for both holiness and permanence are ascribed to it.
The city of Jerusalem shall be built to the LORD; which was to be rebuilt upon the return of the Jews from the Babylon captivity, as by the order and under the direction and protection of the LORD, for His service and worship. The Temple in it would be built up again, and worship of the TRUE God restored; and both the Temple and the city, with all the people in it, shall be devoted to His service. It shall be a type of the Gospel Church, built up as a Residence for God, where the LORD is worshipped, feared and glorified.
Jer. 31:39 And the measuring line shall yet go forth over against it upon the hill Gareb, and shall compass about to Goath. (KJV)
And the measuring line shall yet go forth over against it . . . or before it, the gate proceeding right on from it; of the length of the measuring line, or reed (Eze. 40:5, 8; Zec.2:1); although some render it, before Him, before the LORD, under whose direction and powerful providence the work went on; so the city gates and walls of the New Jerusalem are said to be measured with a reed (Rev. 21:15).
Upon the hill Gareb . . . Gareb means a scab, so called, as is supposed, from scabby and leprous persons sent here to dwell, which was a quarantine for them. Some think it is the same as Mount Calvary, on the north side of the city, bending to the west; and, if it was the same as Calvary, it was on the west side.
And shall compass about to Goath . . . so called possibly from the difficulty of its ascent, it being hard work to go up to it.
Jer. 31:40 And the whole valley of the dead bodies, and of the ashes, and all the fields unto the brook of Kidron, unto the corner of the horse gate toward the east, shall be holy unto the LORD; it shall not be plucked up, nor thrown down any more for ever. (KJV)
And the whole valley of the dead bodies . . . and the whole valley of the dead bodies, and of the ashes, where the carcasses of the Assyrian army fell. It was where the bodies of troublemakers were cast (Isa. 30:33), south of the city.
And of the ashes, and all the fields unto the brook of Kidron . . . fields in the suburbs reaching as far as Kidron, east of the city (2 Ki.23:4).
Unto the corner of the horse gate toward the east, shall be holy unto the LORD . . . horse gate, through it the king's horses were led forth for watering to the brook Kidron (2 Ki. 11:16; Neh. 3:28).
It shall not be plucked up, nor thrown down any more for ever . . . the city shall not only be large, but also holy to the LORD, meaning free from all pollutions, and eternal (Joel 3:17, 20 Rev. 21:2, 10, 27).
*****And the whole valley of the dead bodies, and of the ashes, where the carcasses of the Assyrian army fell, for Sennacherib’s army, was destroyed by an angel (2 Ki.19:35-36). The word for ashes means fat; and so may describe the persons then destroyed, who were fat and lusty men: others think, that the valley of Tophet or Hinnom is here meant; so called, either from the persons that were burnt and sacrificed to Moloch; or from the carcasses of troublemakers interred there; and from the ashes of the sacrifices which were brought from the Temple, and laid here. This valley lay southwest of the city.
And all the fields unto the brook of Kidron, such as the potters and fullers’ fields, which lay to the south of the city, or more to the east, where Kidron was located.
Unto the corner of the horse gate towards the east, and so the compass is brought around the city to the eastern part of it, from where it began, even to the tower of Hananeel, which was on the east of this horse gate (2 Ki.11:16). This gate supposedly was the gate at which the king’s horses went in and out, when led to be watered or exercised.
Shall be holy unto the LORD, meaning the whole city in its greatest scope thus rebuilt, even the outer parts of it, and those parts that were defiled with the carcasses of men, and ashes of the burnt offerings. This seems to regard the extensive holiness of the Gospel Church of God in the latter day (Zec.14:10-11).
It shall not be plucked up, nor thrown down any more for ever, which, this symbolically intends the Gospel Church of Christ, which is built on Christ the Rock (Deu.32:4; Ps.18:2; 1 Cor.10:4), and so is immovable; and like Mount Zion, shall abide forever.
Special Comments
Regeneration
What does the Bible say about regeneration?
Another word for regeneration is rebirth, regeneration is being born again. Our rebirth is different from our first birth, when we were conceived physically and inherited our sin nature, which makes us rebel against God. The new birth is a spiritual, holy and heavenly birth that results in our being made alive spiritually. Man in his natural state is dead in trespasses and sins (Eph.2:1; Col.2:13), until he is made alive or regenerated by Christ Jesus. This happens when we place our faith in Christ (Rom.5:1-2; Eph.2:1).
Regeneration is a deep-rooted change. Just as our physical birth resulted in a new individual entering the earthly realm, our spiritual birth results in a new person entering the heavenly realm (Eph.2:6-9). After we are regenerated, we begin to see and hear and seek different things, divine things. We strive to live a life of faith and holiness because the Spirit of Christ is given to us to abide with us forever (John 14:16-18; Rom. 8:9-11), now we are partakers of the divine nature, having been made new creatures (2 Cor.5:17). It is God, not man, which transforms us (Eph.2:1, 8). It is the God’s great love and free gift (Eph.2:8; Rom.6:23). His rich grace and abundant mercy, is that which cause the rebirth. The mighty power of Almighty God is the power that raised Christ from the dead, and the same power is displayed in the regeneration and change in sinners (Eph.1:19-23).
Regeneration is necessary, because sinful human man cannot stand in God’s Presence (Dan.8:18; 10:10; Hab.3:16; Mat.17:6; Rev.1:17). When Jesus spoke with Nicodemus, Jesus said twice, that a man must be born again in order to see the Kingdom of God (John 3:3, 7). Regeneration is NOT optional, IF you want to spend eternity in Heaven. IF a person is not born again, it means an eternity in Hell.
https://www.judgmentcoming.org/j_c_hell_is_it_there.htm
Physical birth fits us for life on Earth; spiritual rebirth fits us for life in Heaven. Regeneration is a part of what God does for us at the moment of salvation, along with sealing us (Eph.1:14), adoption (Gal.4:5), and reconciliation (2 Cor.5:18-20). Regeneration is God’s making a person spiritually alive, as a result of faith in what Jesus Christ did on the cross for us (Rom.5:1-2). Before we are born again, we were NOT God’s children (John 1:12-13); instead, we were children of the devil (1 John 3:10). Before salvation, we were degenerate (corrupt, wicked); after salvation we are regenerated. The result of regeneration is peace with God (Rom.5:1-2), new life (Tit.3:5; 2 Cor.5:17), and eternal son-ship (John 1:12-13; Gal.3:26-29). Regeneration begins the process of sanctification where we become the people God intends us to be (Rom.8:28-30).
The only way to be regenerated is by faith in the finished work of Christ Jesus on the cross. NO amount of good works or keeping of the Law can regenerate the heart. Rom. 3:20 Therefore by the deeds of the law there shall no flesh be justified in his sight: for by the law is the knowledge of sin. (KJV)
Only Jesus offers a cure for the wickedness of the human heart (Jer.17:9). We do not need a makeover or improvement or reformation; we need rebirth, we need to be born again!
John 1:12-13 But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name: 13 Which were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God. (KJV)
John 3:3 Jesus answered and said unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God. (KJV)
John 3:5-8 Jesus answered, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born of water and of the Spirit, he cannot enter into the kingdom of God. 6 That which is born of the flesh is flesh; and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit. 7 Marvel not that I said unto thee, Ye must be born again. 8 The wind bloweth where it listeth, and thou hearest the sound thereof, but canst not tell whence it cometh, and whither it goeth: so is every one that is born of the Spirit. (KJV)
John 6:63 It is the spirit that quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing: the words that I speak unto you, they are spirit, and they are life. (KJV)
Acts 2:38-39 Then Peter said unto them, Repent, and be baptized every one of you in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Ghost. 39 For the promise is unto you, and to your children, and to all that are afar off, even as many as the Lord our God shall call. (KJV)
Rom. 5:1-2 Therefore being justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ: 2 By whom also we have access by faith into this grace wherein we stand, and rejoice in hope of the glory of God. (KJV)
Rom. 6:23 For the wages of sin is death; but the gift of God is eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord. (KJV)
2 Cor. 5:17 Therefore if any man be in Christ, he is a new creature: old things are passed away; behold, all things are become new. (KJV)
Eph. 2:1 And you hath he quickened, who were dead in trespasses and sins; (KJV)
Eph. 2:4-5But God, who is rich in mercy, for his great love wherewith he loved us,
5 Even when we were dead in sins, hath quickened us together with Christ, (by grace ye are saved;) (KJV)
Eph. 2:6-9 And hath raised us up together, and made us sit together in heavenly places in Christ Jesus: 7 That in the ages to come he might shew the exceeding riches of his grace in his kindness toward us through Christ Jesus. 8 For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: 9 Not of works, lest any man should boast. (KJV)
Eph. 5:25-26 Husbands, love your wives, even as Christ also loved the church, and gave himself for it; 26 That he might sanctify and cleanse it with the washing of water by the word, (KJV)
Col. 2:13 And you, being dead in your sins and the uncircumcision of your flesh, hath he quickened together with him, having forgiven you all trespasses; (KJV)
Tit. 3:5 Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost; (KJV)
James 1:18 Of his own will begat he us with the word of truth, that we should be a kind of firstfruits of his creatures. (KJV)
1 Peter 2:1-2 Wherefore laying aside all malice, and all guile, and hypocrisies, and envies, and all evil speakings, 2 As newborn babes, desire the sincere milk of the word, that ye may grow thereby: (KJV)
2 Pet. 1:3 According as his divine power hath given unto us all things that pertain unto life and godliness, through the knowledge of him that hath called us to glory and virtue: (KJV)
1 John 3:9 Whosoever is born of God doth not commit sin; for his seed remaineth in him: and he cannot sin, because he is born of God. (KJV)
1 John 4:7 Beloved, let us love one another: for love is of God; and every one that loveth is born of God, and knoweth God. (KJV)
1 John 5:1-2 Whosoever believeth that Jesus is the Christ is born of God: and every one that loveth him that begat loveth him also that is begotten of him. 2 By this we know that we love the children of God, when we love God, and keep his commandments. (KJV)
1 John 5:4 For whatsoever is born of God overcometh the world: and this is the victory that overcometh the world, even our faith. (KJV)
1 John 5:18 We know that whosoever is born of God sinneth not; but he that is begotten of God keepeth himself, and that wicked one toucheth him not. (KJV)
Book of Jeremiah
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